The Removal of the Compulsory Retirement Age to Employ People Between the Ages of 65 and 80

The Removal of the Compulsory Retirement Age to Employ People Between the Ages of 65 and 80 Compulsory retirement age, is the age at which employees in particular positions, by law are no longer eligible to continue working. Since this practice is unlawful, many countries have instituted laws to discourage it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Removal of the Compulsory Retirement Age to Employ People Between the Ages of 65 and 80 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the truth is that despite these measures, aged workers continue to experience discrimination; for example, they are least preferred for job opportunities and are the most likely victims for retrenchment. Most people who retire between the ages of 65- 80 are still energetic and able to carry out their duties effectively if granted an opportunity to continue with their jobs (Wallace, 2004, pp.15). Their retirement is a loss of productivity not only to the country but also to the retirees themselves. The retirees lose a source of income and those who would not have developed an alternative source of income prior to retirement may face a financial crisis. The loss of income leads to the retirees cutting down their expenditure considerably in order for them to be able to manage financially. For instance, they may cut down leisure and entertainment expenses. A classical example is when a regular tourist overseas no longer tours his/ her favorite destination after retirement (Lynch, 2012, pp.12) Retirement also comes along with health repercussions. An increase in stress leads to hormonal derangements which may be fatal. There is also an increase in musculo- skeletal and cardio vascular diseases among retirees due to reduced exercise after retirement. Workers between the age brackets 65- 80 are still productive and this is the age at which they have gained enough experience in the field to offer the best services. Their continued employment will also ensure a continued supply of labor force to continue with nation building .Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Objectives for the study include: To find out whether the removal of the compulsory retirement age will lead to increased productivity and economic growth, to find out whether it is cheaper to recruit fresh labor force after retirement of previous labor force as opposed to maintaining the retired labor force. In focus of the first objective, some employers argue that elderly employees, especially 65 years and above tend to be less productive and less efficient and yet so highly remunerated. The elderly workers are less hardworking and equally less enthusiastic as a result of senescence. On the other hand other employers say that elderly employees are well experienced in the particular field and for this reason, they will be more productive in the same field. This study will shade more light on this issue and hence assist employees make infor med decisions when they wish to improve the productivity of their firms (Wallace, 2005, pp.34). For the second objective, it is aimed at establishing which is more economical between hiring a fresh employee and maintaining the employee who has exceeded age 65. Recruitment is an expensive process in regards to vacancy advertisement. It can be quite time consuming on the part of the employer during the hiring process since several interviewing sessions need to be carried out to determine the suitability of each candidate to the vacancy. With regard to this, maintaining elderly workers becomes a better option than hiring. On the other hand, elderly employees tend to be less productive and yet highly paid due to their experience in the field. Achievement of this study objective will shade more light on which way is more economical (Djos, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Removal of the Compulsory Retirement Age to Employ People Between the Ages of 65 a nd 80 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most suitable approach to this study is a structured questionnaire administered to various employers to fill in and the data collected analyzed and conclusions drawn. The questions asked will cause the employers to divulge information regarding the performance of their employees (Aunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). For example, the employer will gauge the performance of all his/ her employees and give a feedback. Performance of the employees who are less than 65 years of age will be compared to that of employees who are above 65 years of age. The data collected will be analyzed to determine, between the two groups, which one is more productive. The respondents will also be required to give the cost of recruitment and hiring new workers to replace the aged employees, which will be weighed against high wages and salaries paid to the aged employees. This will give an insight into which of the two scen arios is more economical to the organization. Other relevant questions in relation to the viability of employing people above the age of 65 years would be asked through the questionnaire and the responses analyzed appropriately. The health status of former employees who retired after reaching age 65 would also be sought to determine if there is any relationship between retirement and these ailments (Whitehouse, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Literature Review As the older generation is trying to extend its life in the work place, there is bound to be a change in the workforce demographics and productivity. Questions also arise on the issue of what costs the firms will incur; in terms of worker compensation due to health risks. Studies are proving the fact that; older workers tend to have a lower productivity ratio compared to the younger workforce. Companies and especially the private firms tend to have a bias toward the younger people because of their output capabilities (Gardner, 2008) The older people are associated with time loss and high costs of maintenance. The Demographers predict that the trend of the rising aged work force will continue to be witnessed for the next fifteen years; this is the case not only in Australia but globally. The percentage of the old work force has risen from 11.2 in 1992 and is predicted to be at 18.7 by 2020. Firms are retaining the old work force, because of the experience they bring to their companies; this also eliminates the huge training costs they would have to spend on new recruits (Pransky, 2005) Prevalence of work disability increases with the age of the workers. These disabilities tend to limit the productivity of the workers. In some cases the productivity is reduced by 22 percent compared to 4 percent within the younger labourers. The legislations that extend the working years only create other forms of problems to the already congested population. Unemployment rates are bound to sore globally as the young graduates are denied vacancies (Biddle, 2004) Conclusion The aged workforce, bring about a professional skill forged with time. Their skill is unmatched by the younger generation. It is however important to note that with age, productivity of the aged people is minimal in other professions. The young people bring about an enthusiasm that develops competition, quality and maximum output. Reference list Aunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A 2009, Resea rch methods for business students, Prentice Hall, Harlow. Biddle, J 2004, Older workers and workplace injuries. Brown and Company Publishers, Boston. Djos, M 2010, Sailing out of retirement: living the dream, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Gardner, J 2008, Return to work incentives: Lessons for policymakers from economists, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Lynch, C 2012, Retirement on the line: age, work and value in an American factory, Cornell University Press, New York. Pransky, G 2005, A comparison of older and younger workers, McGraw Hill, New York. Wallace, A 2005, ‘Mandatory retirement at age 65 in question. (Law)’. (Brief Article): An article from Sask-Business, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Wallace, M 2004, The aged work-force, John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Whitehouse, E 2006, Retirement Income-systems in 53 countries, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, San Francisco.

What Grad Students Can Expect on the First Day of Class

What Grad Students Can Expect on the First Day of Class The first day of class is similar in both college and graduate school, and this is true of all disciplines. Day 1 is all about introducing the class. Common Approaches to Teaching the First Day of Class Some professors dive right into course content, beginning with a lecture.Others take a more social approach, using discussion and team-building activities like games, asking students to get to know each other, and posing non-course related discussion topics.Most professors will ask students to introduce themselves: Whats your name, year, major, and why are you here? Many will ask students to provide information and may pass out an index card for each student to record contact information and perhaps answer a question such as why they enrolled, one thing they hope to learn, or one concern about the course.Some simply distribute the course syllabus and dismiss class. The Syllabus Regardless of style, whether emphasizing content, social, or both, all professors distribute the syllabus  during the first day of class. Most will discuss it to some extent. Some professors read the syllabus, adding additional information as appropriate. Others draw students attention to main points. Yet some say nothing, simply distribute it and ask that you read it. No matter what approach your professor takes, it is in your best interest to read it very carefully because most instructors spend a lot of time preparing the syllabus. Then What? What happens after the syllabus is distributed varies by professor. Some professors end class early, often using less than one-half a class period. Why? They might explain that it is impossible to conduct class when no one has read. In reality, this isnt true, but it is more challenging to hold class with new students who have not read and have no background in the field. Alternatively, professors might end class early because they are nervous. Everyone finds the first day of class nerve-wracking - students and professors alike. Are you surprised that professors get nervous? Theyre people too. Getting through the first day of class is stressful and many professors want to and that first day as soon as possible. After the first day is done they can fall into the old routine of preparing lectures and teaching class. And so many otherwise enthusiastic professors end class early on the first day of school. Some professors, however, hold a full-length class. Their rationale is that learning begins on day 1 and what happens in that first class will influence how students approach the course and will, therefore, influence the entire semester. There is no right or wrong way to begin class, but you should be aware of the choices the professor makes in what he or she asks the class to do. This awareness might tell you a little bit about him or her and might help you prepare for the semester ahead.

Funny Quotations About Paying Taxes

Funny Quotations About Paying Taxes Like it or not, you have to pay your taxes. The trouble is that understanding taxation requires more than a genius mind. Even Albert Einstein admitted, The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax. So, if its that time of year when youre drowning in reams of paperwork and trying to make sense of all the mumbo-jumbo, its time to take a break. Read these funny tax quotes over a cup of coffee and share a laugh with someone wholl appreciate the humor. If the caffeine doesnt work, these tax quotes will surely perk you up. Amusing Taxation Quotes Throughout History Mark TwainThe only difference between a tax man and a taxidermist is that the taxidermist leaves the skin. Will RogersIt is a good thing that we do not get as much government as we pay for. James MadisonI cannot undertake to lay my finger on that article of the Constitution which granted a right to Congress of expending, on objects of benevolence, the money of their constituents... Will RogersAlexander Hamilton started the U.S. Treasury with nothing and that was the closest our country has ever been to being even. Robert A. HeinleinThere is no worse tyranny than to force a man to pay for what he does not want merely because you think it would be good for him. Arthur GodfreyI am proud to be paying taxes in the United States. The only thing is I could be just as proud for half of the money. H. L. MenckenUnquestionably, there is progress. The average American now pays out twice as much in taxes as he formerly got in wages. Albert Einstein[on filing for tax returns] This is too difficult for a mathematician. It takes a philosopher. John S. ColemanThe point to remember is that what the government gives it must first take away. Herman WoukIncome tax returns are the most imaginative fiction being written today. Dr. Laurence J. PeterAmerica is a land of taxation that was founded to avoid taxation. Milton FriedmanCongress can raise taxes because it can persuade a sizable fraction of the populace that somebody else will pay. John Maynard KeynesThe avoidance of taxes is the only intellectual pursuit that carries any reward. Winston ChurchillThere is no such thing as a good tax. Will RogersThe income tax has made more liars out of the American people than golf has. Plato When there is an income tax, the just man will pay more and the unjust less on the same amount of income. Albert EinsteinThe hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax. Benjamin TuckerTo force a man to pay for the violation of his own liberty is indeed an addition of insult to injury. Will RogersThe difference between death and taxes is death doesnt get worse every time Congress meets. Ronald ReaganThe taxpayer: thats someone who works for the federal government, but doesnt have to take a civil service examination. Robert A. HeinleinBe wary of strong drink. It can make you shoot at tax collectors... and miss. Winston ChurchillWe contend that for a nation to try to tax itself into prosperity is like a man standing in a bucket and trying to lift himself up by the handle. G. Gordon LiddyA liberal is someone who feels a great debt to his fellow man, which debt he proposes to pay off with your money. Barry GoldwaterThe income tax created more criminals than any other single act of government. Calvin CoolidgeCollecting more taxes than is absolutely necessary is legalized robbery. Dan BennettTheres nothing wrong with the younger generation that becoming taxpayers wont cure. Martin A. SullivanThere may be liberty and justice for all, but there are tax breaks only for some. Jewish ProverbTaxes grow without rain. Thomas Jefferson The same prudence which in private life would forbid our paying our own money for unexplained projects forbids it in the dispensation of the public monies. Robert DoleThe principle involved here is time-honored and true: and that is its your money. Robert DoleThe purpose of a tax cut is to leave more money where it belongs: in the hands of the working men and working women who earned it in the first place.   Rob KnauerhaseIsnt it appropriate that the month of the tax begins with April Fools Day and ends with cries of May Day!? Roger JonesI guess I think of lotteries as a tax on the mathematically challenged. Jean-Baptiste ColbertThe art of taxation consists in so plucking the goose as to obtain the largest amount of feathers with the least amount of hissing. Benjamin Franklin, ​Poor Richards Almanac​It would be a hard government that should tax its people one-tenth part of their income.

Critically evaluate the literature relating to the role of coaching in Essay

Critically evaluate the literature relating to the role of coaching in developing leadership capabilities and reflect on your ab - Essay Example 12). As compared to other leadership techniques, coaching is more focused on improving employees’ learning (Lee, 2003, p. 60). Over the past few decades, the role of coaching in the study of leadership has developed to the extent that coaching has been considered one of the most significant components in the development of executive leadership. Using relevant theories, this report will focus on evaluating the literature behind the role of coaching in the development of effective leadership capabilities. Aside from appraising the characteristics of effective leaders, this report will critically review the role of coaches in the development of leadership characteristics by comparing the leadership approaches of different authors in terms of achieving these outcomes. Working as a part-time sales supervisor in one of the well-known insurance companies in UK, coaching leadership is important in terms of making me able to effectively facilitate a positive business outcome with my cl ients. Because of the importance of developing coaching leadership when managing a group of people (i.e. ... Since employees can be self-sufficient, improvements in the customer service quality is also possible. Leadership Leadership is often mistaken as a management skill. Despite the close similarities between leadership and management skills, there are still some clear differences between the two. In line with this, Winston and Patterson (2006, p. 7) explained that leadership is actually referring to the ability of the corporate leaders to â€Å"influence, select, equip, and train† employees in order to improve their existing skills and work performances aside from encouraging this group of people to be willing in participating in the guidance of the corporate leaders. By encouraging employees to work towards a single organizational goal, there is a higher chance for them to improve the overall work performance of the group. On the other hand, management skills are referring to the corporate managers’ ability to handle the actual business affairs (Merriam-Webster 2011). It is easy to appoint any person to be a corporate manager. However, not all corporate managers are good leaders. Corporate leadership is an important skill that managers should develop. According to van Maurik (1994, p. 121), a competitive corporate leader should have â€Å"wisdom, integrity, sensitivity, and tenacity (WITS)†. By having these special characteristics, a good leader will be able to develop and implement a clear organizational vision that can make managers easily make business decisions that are heavily based on facts. Given that leadership is a learnt and acquired skill, it is a wrong belief to think that â€Å"leaders are born leaders† (Cox 2010). As stated by Adair (2005, p. 7),

Exchange rate systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exchange rate systems - Essay Example The traditional debate on exchange rate systems focused on insulating properties of flexible exchange rates as in Friedman (1953) and Meade (1955). The subsequent literature showed that insulating properties depend on some structural characteristics1 (e.g., openness, capital mobility), as well as the types and the sources of shocks impinging on the domestic economy. The monetary theory of the balance of payments emphasized the differences in macroeconomic adjustment under fixed versus flexible exchange rates. One consequence of fixed exchange rates is that nations may not be able to pursue independent monetary policies. Specifically, an external imbalance has to be offset by a change in the net reserve position which can affect the domestic money supply. Commitment to a fixed rate also entails buying or selling domestic currency in exchange for foreign currencies at declared parities to satisfy autonomous changes in currency demands, which unless successfully sterilized, makes the mo ney supply endogenous.Another aspect of the exchange rate system is the different operating procedures of macroeconomic policies under alternative exchange rate systems. The Mundell-Fleming framework compares the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy under fixed and flexible exchange rate systems. The textbook version of the model (e.g., Mankiw, 1997, pp. 308-323; Blanchard, 1997, pp. 250-267) predicts that under high capital mobility, fixed exchange rates render fiscal policy powerful in altering aggregate demand while monetary policy is impotent.

Role as a Community Leader in Homestead 1892 Essay

Role as a Community Leader in Homestead 1892 - Essay Example Our community also includes a number of such workers who have been participating in this strike to demonstrate their demands. I would like to enlighten our community workers as their leader to select an appropriate path in this critical scenario which will be beneficial for them in the long run. At the outset, I would like to point out the significant reasons which have forced to transpire the present unfavorable scenario at Homestead Steel Works. One of the prime reasons for the grievance among our community workers along with the other workers is that the unskilled workers approximately are earning fifteen or sixteen cents per hour which is unbearable to support a family decently. But still in order to get this bare minimum wage, the unskilled labors have to work for long hours and at times additional working hours as compared to skilled workers. Moreover, the living conditions are hazardous with poor house, smoky air and fouled water. The unskilled labors are treated just as hunki es. This clearly revels the catastrophic working and living situations of the unskilled immigrant workers of Europe of whom a number of are residing in the community (Country Studies US, â€Å"The Struggles of Labor†; Sage, â€Å"The Progressive Era: The Great Age of Reform†). ...Therefore, I can urge the workers to not to continue with their ongoing strike and to keep on working. As continuing with the strike will not be beneficial for both the management as well as the workers. Continuing with the strike will not be helpful for the workers as the management will probably not give in the workers demand which might lead to stagnation in the entire scenario. The situation can be resolved by undergoing a discussion with the management. The latter half of this 19th century can be considered as the stage of technological revolution or industrial revolution. This industrialization is mainly rooted in heavy industries like factories, railroads, and  coal mining with the ob jective of creating more products in a cheaper way. This includes rise of industrialization and has resulted in the rush for immigration in the  United States. This period has marked hasty economic growth and high prosperity within the US and has turned the nation into the world’s most leading economic, industrial and agricultural power. As a result, the real wages, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and capital formation has increased and this has followed the augmentation of the average annual income of the workers as well. But the wages of the immigrants, a number of such workers who are from our community has remained barely low as they are untrained as well as unskilled to correspond with the advanced technology. At the same time, the wages of the skilled workers and engineers have increased at a constant rate along with other benefits. Thus, it can be stated that inspite of the rapid progress of the economy, the standard of living of the unskilled labors have remained uncha nged.

Watch the film A Taste of Honey (1961). Analyze the film as a work of Movie Review

Watch the film A Taste of Honey (1961). Analyze the film as a work of Kitchen Sink Realism and discuss the work in light of questions of class, gender and race in 1950s Britain - Movie Review Example The director has been very clever in handling the movie because body language says more than meet the words. Tony Richardson is also known for producing other movies like Jean Giraudx’s The Apollo of Bellac. He won an Academy award in 1964 for Best Director of the film Tom Jones. Dora Bryan (Helena), Jo’s mother, is a very selfish woman who is in constant pursuit of her own happiness. You can tell this by the way she combs her hair, puts on her lipstick or light the cigarette. Dora Bryan is also known for her role in Absolutely Fabulous. She won BAFTA awards as Best Actress in A Taste of Honey. Rita Tushingham, also known as Jo, plays the role of an adolescent girl who is also a working class. Her wide eyes show a mixture of fear and innocence. She is aware of her mother’s lack of love and she expresses this by bending her shoulders. She generally carries the weight of being unwanted. Rita Tushingham is known for her supporting roles in The Knack, Doctor Zhivago, just to mention a few. She was nominated Best Actress (BAFTA) in 1966 and also in 1962 Most Promising Newcomer for her role in ‘A Taste of Honey’. This movie is all about black and white people, gay and straight, mothers and daughters. Jo is a 17-year old school girl who lives wither promiscuous and domineering mother, Helen. Jo was longing for love and attention from her mother only for things to get worse between the two of them when her mother enters into a new relationship. This latest ‘romance’ drives Jo out of their apartment and she finds herself in the streets. She later spends the night with a black sailor who ended up impregnating her. Jo’s mother decides to abandon her and move in with her lover after which Jo finds a job and a room for herself. She then meets Geoffrey co-worker who is a shy and lonely homosexual and they agree to share a flat. She discovers later that she is pregnant with the sailor’s child and Geoffrey returns a favor by caring for